Risk and Complications

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Risk and Complications

While Shockwave Lithotripsy (SWL) is generally considered a safe and effective procedure, like any medical intervention, it carries some potential risks and complications. It’s crucial to be aware of these risks to make an informed decision about your treatment. Here are some of the potential risks and complications associated with SWL.
Below is a list of potential side effects and the likelihood of experiencing them. Some effects are temporary or can resolve naturally, while others may be permanent. Extremely rare side effects (fewer than 1 in 250 cases) are not individually detailed. Side effects vary greatly between individuals, and it’s important to consult your doctor to understand how these risks might specifically impact you:

Frequently Observed (10%–50%)

Blood in Urine (Hematuria)
Mild bleeding due to stone fragmentation and passage. Usually self-limiting.
Kidney Pain During Stone
PassageTemporary pain as fragments pass naturally.
Need for Additional Treatments
If stones are not fully fragmented, repeat SWL or alternate therapy may be needed.
Failure to Break Stones
Stones may resist fragmentation due to composition or positioning.
Recurrence of Stones
New stones may form even after successful treatment.

Occasionally Observed (2%–10%)

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Minor infections may occur and are treatable with antibiotics.
Skin Bruising or Blistering
Localized skin reactions at the shockwave entry site.
Stone Fragments Lodged in Ureter
May cause obstruction and require intervention.

Rare (0.4%–2%)

Steinstrasse (Stone Street)
Accumulation of stone fragments blocking the ureter.
Subcapsular Hematoma
Internal bleeding around the kidney; usually monitored conservatively.
Hypertension or Worsening Kidney Function
Rare and usually in patients with preexisting conditions.